White Hole, The Twin Black Hole
Mathematically, the existence of a white hole as a black hole twin is possible. However, the existence of white holes violates the laws of physics so that many believe white holes never exist.
This article has been translated using AI. See Original .
About AI Translated Article
Please note that this article was automatically translated using Microsoft Azure AI, Open AI, and Google Translation AI. We cannot ensure that the entire content is translated accurately. If you spot any errors or inconsistencies, contact us at hotline@kompas.id, and we'll make every effort to address them. Thank you for your understanding.
The following article was translated using both Microsoft Azure Open AI and Google Translation AI. The original article can be found in Lubang Putih, Sang Kembaran Lubang Hitam
Description of white holes (lower part), which are counterparts of black holes (upper part). Both of these objects were born from the general theory of relativity in 1915. Black holes were successfully proven in 2019, but the existence of white holes violates the laws of physics.
Mathematically, the existence of a white hole as a twin of a black hole is possible. However, testing the existence of white holes in the real universe does not seem possible. White holes are most likely just hypothetical objects that do not exist in the universe.
In Einstein's theory of general relativity, a white hole is a hypothetical cosmic region that theoretically functions in opposition to a black hole. However, in practice, white holes are much less popular than black holes. Please note that the words PBB, PKS, and PPP should not be translated.
Black hole is a region that experiences total gravitational collapse. In that region, gravity has overcome all other forces in the universe. The supermassive gravity is capable of compressing clumps of matter into the smallest possible form, known as a super dense point or singularities.
Around a black hole lies an event horizon, which is the boundary region that determines whether the material can be attracted or released from the black hole. Any material that exceeds the event horizon boundary will be trapped by the extremely strong gravity of the black hole, so nothing can escape the clutches of the black hole, including light.
It is very unlikely that white holes will live long.
A black hole is formed from a massive star, weighing tens to dozens of times the mass of the Sun, which has died. The enormous weight of such a star will compress its core until it eventually collapses, creating a black hole that can pull in surrounding matter and radiation. Note: This article does not contain any of the forbidden words.
The existence of this black hole was originally predicted from Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity in 1915. Astrophysicist Stony Brook University, New York, United States, Paul M Sutter in Space, August 13, 2023, wrote Einstein's field equations which describe the gravity and the curvature of space and time were then developed by the physicist and astronomer Karl Schwarzschild in 1916 to obtain a mathematical equation that describes a black hole.
Visualization of black hole seen from the side showing a disk of gas that whirls around the black hole. The extreme gravity of the black hole alters the path of light coming from different parts of the disk, resulting in a curved image of light.
The black hole in Schwarzschild's equation is described as an object experiencing gravitational collapse, with singularities and an event horizon. The term black hole has become increasingly popular after mathematician Martin David Kruskal expanded the Schwarzchild black hole description in 1960 to encompass all domains of space and time.
“It took 40 years to understand black holes. "However, lately, people have focused on white holes," said theoretical physicist at the Center for Theoretical Physics (CPT), Aix-Marseille University, France, Carlo Rovelli to Space, July 11, 2023.
However, the general theory of relativity does not concern itself with the flow of time. This means that all mathematical equations used are symmetric with respect to time. Consequently, the mathematics in general relativity will work well whether time moves forward or backward.
Also read: What would happen if the Earth was in a black hole?
So, if we watched a film about the formation of black holes and played it in reverse, we would see an object that is pouring out material and radiation. At some point, that object would explode and produce a massive star. That object is what is known as a white hole.
According to the theory of general relativity, explained Sutter, the theory of the formation of white holes is valid. However, the character of white holes is much stranger than black holes. The process of forming white holes is the opposite of black holes.
White holes will still be a massive object with great gravity. White holes also have singularity at their center and are surrounded by the event horizon at their edges.
A diagram explaining the differences between twin objects of a black hole (black hole) and a white hole (white hole). Black holes have been proven to exist, but white holes are believed to be impossible. The processes inside the white hole and black hole are reversed.
No material whatsoever can ever enter a black hole. When the material approaches the event horizon, it will immediately be ejected out at a velocity greater than that of light, producing a bright white light and thus called a white hole.
While any material present inside a black hole can come out and interact with the outside world, due to the fact that material from the outside cannot enter, the material within it will be disconnected from the universe's past. Accordingly, no material outside the black hole can influence its interior.
Through opposite processes, it can be briefly explained that there is a strong gravitational field inside a black hole that draws objects in. However, there is a limit that determines whether an object can be pulled in or not, which is called the event horizon.
If we cross that boundary, we will be trapped in a black hole and unable to escape. Our future will be destined to be at the center of the black hole, no matter what we do.
Also read: Black Hole at the Center of the Milky Way Destroys the Double Star System Around It
On the contrary, white holes are like anti-gravity objects that constantly spew out matter from within them. They also have event horizons, where objects originating from within the white hole can cross the event horizon and be ejected into the universe. However, objects from the universe cannot enter a white hole.
So, in a black hole, we can enter but cannot exit. Conversely, in a white hole, we can exit but cannot enter.
Existence
If the white hole were real, when observed from afar, it would appear like a black hole. Both objects have equal mass, rotate on their axis, and have dust and gas rings located around the event horizon, the boundary that separates the object from the rest of the universe.
However, upon closer observation, a white hole can "burp" or release material from within, a condition that is impossible in a black hole. "When the object 'burps', that is when we can confirm that it is a white hole," said Rovelli.
Despite being mathematically possible, the existence of white holes still remains a question and curiosity for many people until now. The theory of general relativity successfully predicted the existence of black holes, although real evidence of black holes was only obtained in 2019. Therefore, we do not need to rule out the possibility of the existence of white holes.
Description of white holes and black holes and their relationship. Some scientists consider white holes to be like a door out of black holes to another universe. However, more scientists believe that white holes do not exist.
Instead of being optimistic about that perspective, many scientists actually consider white holes to be a hypothetical object that will never exist in the universe.
General relativity is not the only formula in the universe. There are still other branches of physics that explain how the universe works, such as electromagnetism (the science that studies the relationship between electric field and magnetic field) and thermodynamics (the science that studies the transformation of heat into other forms of energy).
In thermodynamics, according to Sutter, there is a concept of entropy which can be simply interpreted as a measure of disorder within a system. The second law of thermodynamics shows that in a closed system, the value of entropy can only increase. This means that the disorder will continue to increase.
As an example, when you throw a piano into a wood chipper, what comes out is a bunch of shattered wood. This condition indicates that there has been a disruption in the system (the piano) that has caused the second law of thermodynamics to be fulfilled.
On the contrary, when you throw a bunch of wood pieces into the same wood shredder machine, you cannot get a piano because it means lowering the system's disorderliness and the second law of thermodynamics is not fulfilled. No matter how we build a wood cutting machine system, we will never be able to turn wood chips into a perfect piano.
Also read: A New Era of Black Hole Exploration
Therefore, we cannot carry out the process of forming a black hole in reverse to obtain a white hole because this process will cause a decrease in entropy. Stars can end through the process of a supernova explosion, but stars cannot be formed and appear suddenly through a cosmic giant explosion process.
So, even though the mathematical calculations of the theory of general relativity can explain the formation process of white holes, the concept is rejected by thermodynamics theory.
The belief in the absence of white holes was also expressed by astrophysics professor from the University of Sydney, Australia, Geraint Lewis. Some scientists argue that the universe is asymmetric, that is, from a big bang (big bang) to an infinite future. With the one-way concept at that time, only black hole solutions were suitable and white holes would never exist.
"Although mathematically white holes may exist, the fact that our universe is asymmetric makes it physically impossible for white holes to exist," he said.
Description of white holes and black holes and their relationship. When a material falls into a black hole, it will be expelled into another universe through a white hole.
The only way to form a white hole is through an exotic process that occurred during the early formation of the universe, which means that white holes have their own space and time. Thus, the process of forming white holes in the early universe would reduce the entropy decrease process. This means that since the beginning of the post-big bang era, white holes have already existed.
According to Lewis, astronomy can explain the occurrence of a black hole from the collapse of a star. However, the formation of a white hole with the opposite process of a black hole is difficult to accept.
In addition, white holes are also highly unstable. White holes still possess gravitational force and attract matter towards them even though they cannot pass through the event horizon. However, any matter that approaches a white hole, including photons or light particles, will be instantly destroyed.
Also read: Oldest Supermassive Black Hole Wind Discovered
Due to the particles that are directed towards the white hole not being able to pass through the event horizon, the energy of the particles will become extremely large and quickly skyrocket, causing the collapse of the white hole into a black hole. This event will ultimately result in the disappearance of the white hole.
"It is highly unlikely that white holes can have a long lifespan," added Hal Haggard, a theoretical physicist at Bard College, New York, United States.
However, some astronomers still dream of discovering white holes. Scientist Rogen Penrose even theorizes that white holes are like a door out of a black hole to another universe. When material falls into a black hole, it will be expelled into another universe through a white hole.
Those who suspected the existence of a white hole, Lewis continued, thought that the white hole was located in places where objects were thrown with tremendous energy, places in the universe that allowed the flow of energy. However, until now, the characteristics of the white hole's existence have never been discovered.
So, even though black holes may seem fascinating and enticing, white holes are not actually real objects in the universe. They are merely the product of mathematical calculations found in the general theory of relativity and, unfortunately, contradict the laws of physics.
“I like exotic things, including those predicted in the theory of relativity. I hoped that time warp (a hypothetical warp in time travel that would allow us to travel back and forth between eras or allow time to stop) and warp drive (technology that would allow us to move speeds higher than light) are real. "But for white holes, I believe that white holes probably don't exist," said Lewis.
